Battery Examination Essays

Battery Examination Essays Battery Examination Essay Battery Examination Essay The focussed ends of the survey is to place the jobs encountered by the senior nursing pupils under the new course of study CMO 14 in doing a research thesis sing the different factors identified such as pupil factors. research teacher factors. research advisor factors and course of study factors. The survey was conducted at Saint Mary’s University. Bayombong. Nueva Vizcaya specifically in the School of Health Sciences. The respondents of the survey were the senior nursing pupils officially enrolled in Nursing Research 2. The research workers adopted the descriptive correlational method of research. The Slovin’s expression with the trying mistake was used to find the sample size. Graded random sampling was used in this survey to heighten the representativeness of every subdivision of the officially enrolled senior nursing pupils in Nursing Research 2. One hundred 30 eight ( 138 ) senior nursing pupils were indiscriminately chosen from the five ( 5 ) subdivisions to reply the questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared and validated by the 5 teachers. Then. it was distributed and answered by the selected pupils from the different subdivisions officially enrolled in Nursing Research 2. Upon the retrieval of the questionnaire. all the informations gathered were collated. tabulated and analyzed with the consequences as follows: Summary OF FINDINGS 1. Features of the senior nursing pupils with regard to gender Out of 138 respondents 51 were male consisting 37. 0 % of the population while 87 or 63 % comprised the female. 2. Features of the senior nursing pupils with regard to academic categorization Ninety-two per centum of the respondents belong to non scholar group. Nine or 6. 5 % belongs to dean’s Lister group and merely 1. 4 % belongs to half/full tuition bookman group. 3. Features of the senior nursing pupils with regard to the attitudes towards doing a thesis. On the attitudes towards doing a thesis. the highest mean was recorded on All members should take part in research activity ( 3. 83 ) and Making a thesis is easy ( 1. 777 ) as the lowest mean. 4. Features of the senior nursing pupils with regard to the Hindrances in finishing Thesis On the Characteristics of the senior nursing pupils with regard to the Hindrances in finishing Thesis. the highest mean of 3. 06 was recorded on Curriculum factors ; followed by 2. 2645 on the Student Factors ; followed by 1. 90 on research advisor factors and lowest mean of 1. 88 in research teacher factors. 5. Features of the senior nursing pupils with regard to the Perceived Problems in Organizing and composing thesis On the Characteristics of the senior nursing pupils with regard to the Perceived Problems in Organizing and composing thesis. the highest mean of 2. 93 was recorded in composing a thesis and 2. 911 in forming thesis 6. Significant relationship between the jobs encountered by the senior nursing pupils in doing a research thesis in footings of the followers: 7. 1 Profile variables The profile variables are non significantly related to the jobs encountered both in forming and composing thesis. This means that the jobs encountered by female and male pupils have no difference. Academic categorization of pupils is non besides significantly related to jobs encountered. 7. 2 Attitude and profile variables The attitude of the respondents is non significantly related to either gender or academic categorization significance that the attitude of the male and female could be either positive or negative. The type of attitude toward finishing thesis is besides independent from the academic categorization of the pupils. All the above mentioned factors are independent to each other. 7. Hindrances Encountered and the profile variables The hinderances encountered are non significantly related to the gender and academic categorization. The hinderances identified are independent of gender and academic categorization intending the same hinderances are being experienced by either male or female. deans lister. bookman or non. Decisions 1. Gender of the respondents More than half of the population consisted of female. This may be so because Nursing is a female dominated class based from the registration informations of SMU. ( Dean’s Office List of Enrollees ) 2. Academic Categorization of the Respondents Bachelor of Science in Nursing is board class and mandated by CHED. Its course of study is closely evaluated in order to keep its high criterions. To be a bookman in this field is non easy. Students will undergo strict preparations in all facets even as early in the first twelvemonth. 3. Attitude towards Making Thesis Majority of the respondent agreed in the declared sentiments and have a positive attitude towards doing a research thesis. However the statement Making a thesis is easy appeared to be in a disagreeable nature because so doing a thesis is non easy. 4. Hindrances in finishing thesis The respondents expressed highest understanding that course of study factors are the figure one hinderance encountered by the senior nursing pupils in doing a research thesis followed by the Student Factors. so research advisor factors so research teacher factors. 5. Perceived jobs in forming and composing thesis Forming thesis is a job to them in finishing their thesis. Writing their thesis seems besides a job encountered in finishing a thesis. 6. Significant relationship between attitude in finishing thesis as to gender and academic categorization The attitude of the male and female could be either positive or negative. The type of attitude toward finishing thesis is non affected by the academic categorization of the pupils. 7. Significant relationship between the hinderances encountered in finishing thesis as to gender and academic categorization. The hinderances identified are unaffected by gender and academic categorization intending the same hinderances are being experienced by either male or female. deans lister. bookman or non. This shows that whatever gender. with high or low academic standing. experienced the same jobs or hinderances in carry oning a research. Recommendations The most common factor that affects the respondents in finishing their thesis is the course of study. They find the offering of topics overlapping and in struggle with other major topics ensuing to confusion as to what to prioritise. The research workers recommend that reappraisal of the sequence of topics offered should be done by the implementers. Consultation with the pupils should besides be done since they are considered as the first and first receiver to whatever alterations the school implements. Curriculum can non be changed since it is mandated by CHED Memo but its sequence of offering can be changed harmonizing to the demands and benefit of the most of import stakeholders of any establishment. the STUDENTS. Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Rationale. Polit and Beck ( 2008 ) defined research as a systematic enquiry that uses disciplined methods to reply inquiries or work out jobs. The ultimate end of research is to develop. refine and spread out a organic structure of cognition. Intelligent nurse can travel into research because nurses have been trained to be crisp perceivers. But harmonizing to Hochbaun ( 1967 ) ( as cited in the survey of Felipe. M. et. Al ( 2010 ) on their survey entitled Barriers in Conducting Nursing Research Among Senior Nursing students ) observation is non plenty. Research workers must besides be trained in planing surveies. transporting out whatever technique is most appropriate. analysing informations. and describing the findings. Judgment and determinations must be made by the research workers and subsequently by those who are in the place to use findings in the work state of affairs. Research workers are non born ; they learn the development of accomplishments. The Nursing batch of 2011-2012 is the first batch under the new course of study of CHED memoranda order no. 14. CHED memoranda order no. 14 series of 2009 besides known as CMO 14. It is concerned with the policies and criterions for Bachelor of Science in Nursing ( BSN ) Program. It emphasizes the Bachelor Science in Nursing ( BSN ) course of study as a competency-based and community-oriented course of study in the Philippines. In this course of study. many topics are taken by the pupils in progress like Nursing Research 1 and 2. Comparing to the old course of study. these topics are taken in the first and 2nd semester during 4th twelvemonth. While in the CMO 14 article V subdivision 9. Nursing Research 1 is taken during 2nd semester during 3rd twelvemonth and nursing research 2 in the first semester during 4th twelvemonth. In this instance pupils under this course of study happen it difficult to adopt/cope up with the criterions of this course of study. Another ground is. Nursing Research 1 is being taken together with the 2 major topics. the NCM 104 and NCM 105 during 3rd twelvemonth 2nd semester and NCM 106 and NCM 107 with Nursing Research 2 during first semester 4th twelvemonth. Budgeting clip and taking capable to be prioritized is hard since this topic needs adequate and equal clip. The intent of this survey is to cognize the jobs encountered by the senior nursing pupils in finishing a thesis end product under the new nursing course of study. The literature about the many challenges. jobs. troubles and other factors that arise in composing a thesis are discussed as follows ; Harmonizing to Andre DeHon as cited in his article How to be a Winner: Advice for pupils get downing into thesis work. The biggest challenge they face at the oncoming of any new undertaking is that there is a immense sum of material they need to cognize to undertake their job decently. While this phenomenon is true in the little for the beginning research worker. it is besides true in the big for any thesis undertaking. So larning how to get by with this challenge for them is an of import accomplishment for them to get the hang to go a good research worker. In contrast with. barricading their action and advancement while waiting for complete cognition is the route to failure. In an article written by Ethridge ( 2008 ) he enumerated several stairss on how to go a skilled research worker. First is the pupils should hold a basic cognition and background about the capable affair. They must besides hold the desire to larn more and be willing to give a batch clip and attempt to get at a consequence that is deserving describing to others. But before the existent behavior of the survey. pupils must hold to put their initial programs. Research workers should expect that the full behavior of the survey would be really clip devouring so they should cognize the length of clip and sum of attempt they would give. Using the long position. 1s inner thirst for more cognition and finding to win will be grounded in the focussed. antecedently planned and logical way of research. whilst moving as a springboard. from which to research the way to end-vision. Practical strengths will besides come into drama. such as attending to detail. ability to garner and order information systematically. finding to defy the defeats of clip consuming and repetitive work. survey and wok processing accomplishments and eventually. the ability to utilize both sides of the encephalon to hammer links. will bring forth first-class consequences. Ofoegbu. F. I. ( 2004 ) the survey addressed the issue of teacher motive as an indispensable factor for schoolroom effectivity and school betterment. Teacher motive has to make with teacher’s desire to take part in the instruction procedure. Teacher motive could be referred to as those factors that operate within the school which if non made available to the instructor could halter public presentation. and causes emphasis all of which would later cut down schoolroom effectivity and pupil quality end product. This implies that teacher motive includes factors that cause. channel sustain and influence teacher’s behaviour towards high direction and academic accomplishment criterions in school. Therefore instructors need appropriate aid to raise present committedness to work. No affair how energetic. enthusiastic and committed a instructor might be. his attempt and degree of public presentation might non bring forth the needed consequences in pupil. Professor Gary Parks ( 2009 ) presented in his book Common Obstacles in Writing Research Paper that there are many challenges that arise in composing thesis documents. Looking for information precisely on subject ( and nil else ) . a paper without an border. a source-driven paper and non taking the clip to complete the paper seem to be the most common jobs experienced by pupils in on-line English 102. He besides said that many pupils encounter jobs forming and composing the thesis paper because they fail to research the general subject before they decide on a thesis statement ; they fail to supply an appropriate thesis statement ; they fail to supply a connexion between the thesis statement and all of the subject sentences in the paper ; they fail to back up the paper with equal information that is relevant merely to the subject of the paper ; or they fail to right mention their beginnings. Many pupils encounter jobs with the thesis paper because they do non to the full reexamine all of the information available. As a consequence. the pupil may take a subject that is excessively general or excessively specific for the figure of pages that required. Of all the errors that pupils make when composing a thesis paper. decently mentioning beginnings within the texts is a major 1. When a paper is falsely cited or fails to give recognition wholly to the individual whose thoughts they borrowed. the pupil has committed plagiarism. Furthermore. he enumerated some obstructions pupils met in thesis devising and this are as follows: they had tough clip to understand the talks. they might hold missed the talks due to occupation. any societal activity or unwellness. they don’t have adequate clip to believing about the thesis subject due to occupation. the instructors are non helpful plenty. they may hold trouble to analyse the thesis paper subject and deficiency techniques to take thesis paper subject. their friends can’t aid you since they are already busy making their ain thesis. they have the thought but can’t put it in words. they can make it but afraid that it might be disapproved. Salve Regina University ( 2009 ) cited in her survey entitled Factors that can lend to academic difficulty some of the general grounds why many pupils experience academic jobs. The factors were the motive and intent. trouble seting to college life. survey accomplishments and personal issues. Academic trouble can stem from the events outside the academic sphere or outside collegial life. Student might hold been covering with an issue for a period of clip. or an expectedly face with something that challenges their academic public presentation. Torke. Abraham and Upadhya. ( 2007 ) stated that equal direction will besides advance student’s engagement and better student’s public presentation. Gravetter and Forzano ( 2009 ) theorized that get downing pupils make many errors in seeking to happen a thesis subject. They mention these errors in the hope that we will either avoid them wholly. or acknowledge when we are doing one and rapidly switch cogwheels. They besides mention that one really common error is taking a subject that is non of the researcher’s involvement. Unless you are slightly interested in the subject you pick. you will happen this undertaking highly arduous. As a consequence. you are likely to lose motive. and your thesis undertaking will no uncertainty reflect this. they added. Another error is picking a subject that is excessively safe or excessively easy. trusting to salvage clip and attempt. This common error neglects the intent of planning and carry oning a thesis which is to larn something while reading and understanding. Harmonizing to McAshan. H. H. ( 1963 ) one of the first mistakes which may look ( and frequently does ) in scientific survey is the deficiency of a clear definition of the job accompanied by limpid statement of some testable hypothesis. Graves. ( 1983 ) Grossman et. Al. added that Teachers need to compose in order to go effectual composing instructors. The thesis takes up everything. Harmonizing to Danish Student Counseling Service the pupil sets aside friends. girl-/boyfriend. work. and extracurricular activities to pass all his/her clip on composing the thesis. Life is set aside for the interest of the assignment. but there is no energy for it. The full twenty-four hours is being set off to working on it. but there is no separation between working hours and leisure clip. Nlison A ; Stomberg ( 2008 ) found that the extrinsic incentives such as instructors in engagement. organisation of the plan. contents in the surveies associated to the profession. life state of affairs and friendly relationship during the surveies were more normally used as account to the pupil motive tonss than with intrinsic factors such as attitude to the survey and survey consequence proposing that these are actuating factors that influenced acquisition. Finding of the survey besides reveal that there are gender differences in over all motive mark with females hiting that male pupils. Jacobson ( as cited in Nlison A ; Stomberg. 2008 ) confirm that when he found that female pupils had higher intrinsic motive than male and that female pupils exert themselves more every bit good as holding a more thought-out scheme for surveies. Garner E. ( 1996 ) barriers to great communicating include gender as a barrier in research. wherein he emphasized the distinguishable differences between the address patterns in a adult male and a adult female that may besides give a important impact or consequence on carry oning an on-going research survey. A adult male negotiations in a additive. logical and compartmentalised manner. characteristics of left- encephalon thought whereas a adult female talks more freely blending logic and emotion. characteristics o both sides of the encephalon. Self efficaciousness and Learning schemes have been found to be associated with academic public presentation ( Pintrich A ; Degroot. 1990. Pintrich A ; Schrauben. 1992. Chye et Al. . 1997 as cited in Andrew A ; Vialle. n. vitamin D ) . Risemberg and Zimmerman as cited in Andrew A ; Vialle. n. 500 suggest that pupils who are high winners use more ego –regulated larning schemes than low winners ( 1992 ) although these schemes may change among pupils. ( Zimmerman A ; Martinez Pons 1990. Ablard A ; Lipschultz 1998. as cited in Andrew A ; Vialle. n. d. ) Knowing and understanding the grounds why pupils are holding trouble in finishing a quality thesis end product is a manner of placing schemes to better the teaching-learning procedure in the research topic. At the same clip to assist the pupils identify their ain scheme in confronting these jobs. Conceptual Framework The conceptual model of this survey revolved around the jobs encountered of the senior nursing pupils in finishing a thesis. With this job are the factors identified viz. the pupil factors. research teacher factors. research advisor factors. and curriculum factors. DEPENDENT VARIABLE Problems encountered by the senior nursing pupils in finishing their thesis end product * Student factors * Research Instructor factors * Research Adviser factors * Curriculum factors INDEPENDENT VARIABLE * Gender * Academic Classification Problems encountered by the senior nursing pupils in finishing their thesis end product in footings of ; * Organizing * Writing * Attitude towards doing a thesis Thesis end product Figure 1. Conceptual Framework. The illustration shows the thesis paradigm of this survey. The dependent variables are the jobs in finishing a thesis end product in footings of Student factors. Research Instructor factors. Research Adviser factors and Curriculum factors. The independent variable includes personal profile of respondent under which are ; Gender and Academic categorization. There are two separate boxes ; one box contains the attitudes towards doing a thesis and the other box contains jobs encountered in footings of forming and composing thesis. All of these factors lead to the development of a quality thesis end product. Statement of the Problem This survey is conducted to find the perceived jobs by the senior nursing pupils of Saint Mary’s University of Bayombong. Nueva Vizcaya in finishing thesis end product under the new nursing course of study. It aimed to find their jobs encountered in finishing a thesis end product. Specifically. this survey sought to reply the undermentioned inquiries: 1. What are the features of the senior nursing pupils with regard to the undermentioned variables ; a. Gender B. Academic Classification 2. What is the attitude of the pupils towards doing a thesis end product? 3. What are the hinderances in finishing thesis end product under the new nursing course of study? 4. What are the jobs encountered by the senior nursing pupils in finishing a thesis end product and ; a. Forming a thesis B. Writing a thesis 5. Is there a important relationship between the jobs encountered the senior nursing pupils in finishing their thesis end product under the new nursing course of study in footings of ; a. Gender B. Academic Classification 6. Is there a important relationship between attitude in finishing thesis and ; a. Gender B. Academic categorization 7. Is there a important relationship between the hinderances encountered in finishing thesis and ; a. Gender B. Academic categorization Statement of Hypothesis There is no important relationship between the jobs encountered the senior nursing pupils in finishing their thesis end product under the new nursing course of study in footings of ; a. Gender B. Academic Classification Significance of the Study A survey on different jobs encountered in finishing a thesis end product is so of import for it served as an opener to pupils on how to confront these challenges in finishing their thesis. Therefore. this can estimate the consciousness of the pupil research workers in assailing or confronting these jobs. Similarly findings will give benefits to the followers: Nursing Students This survey is intentionally conducted specifically for the nursing pupils enrolled in 4th twelvemonth. Results or this survey will assist them derive more cognition on how to assail jobs that are being encountered in finishing thesis and be able to make a good and successful thesis end products. Future Researchers Enormous immature heads who wish to venture of related constructs in their thesis may acquire advantage on the consequences of this survey. They can do of the consequences as future mention but can antagonize information herewith if the instance may convey. Research Instructors and Advisers This will function as a footing in explicating new attack in heightening the teaching-learning procedure in research categories here at Saint Mary’s University. The consequence of this survey will give the teachers some penetrations. This will do teachers be more cognizant in cognizing why nursing pupils can non do a good thesis end products on clip. By cognizing these. they would be able find their failings as an teacher and to device an effectual instruction scheme for better acquisition. Scope and Delimitations of the Study This survey covered respondent’s demographic profile harmonizing to gender. academic categorization and attitude towards doing a thesis. Hence. it besides covers respondent’s different jobs encountered. This survey is for the pupils who are enrolled in nursing research because they are still on the procedure of larning the ways and schemes in finishing a thesis end product ; therefore they can be able to place the jobs they are confronting while doing their thesis. The survey is limited to the analysis of informations gathered from the respondents who were chosen by the research workers via graded random trying. Relevant paperss. articles and write-up sing the survey were included in the analysis every bit good. Answers to the inquiries about the jobs encountered by the senior nursing pupil in finishing their thesis are based on the respondent’s perceptual experience merely. Definition of Footings The followers footings are defined harmonizing to the context of the survey and how these footings were utilized. Academic Classification is defined as the categorization of pupils whether they are dean’s litres. half/tuition bookmans. working bookmans or non bookmans. Attitude towards doing a thesis refers to the students’ natural disposition in doing a thesis Completing thesis procedure of carry throughing and roll uping all parts of a thesis end product Curriculum factors refers to the elements of a class of academic survey in nursing that contributes causally towards doing a thesis Gender refers to the sexual individuality. particularly in relation to society or civilization. whether they are male or female. New course of study refers to the CHED memoranda order figure 14 series of 2009 Forming thesis refers to the structuring and ordination of constructs and thoughts necessary in doing a thesis. Problems Encountered refers to the hinderances and troubles confronted by the pupils in doing a thesis. Research Adviser factors this pertains to the cases representing the adviser that contributes to the sensed troubles of the pupils in doing a thesis. Research Instructor factors pertains to the cases representing the professor that contributes to the sensed troubles in doing a thesis but is limited to his/her personality as a whole. Respondent’s Demographic Profile is information about the individual or single. Student Factors refers to the factors intrinsic to every single pupil Student Problems refer to any troubles or inquiries that raise conditions to be resolve by both the research workers and the respondents. Teacher Factors are conducive facets. relationship and limited to teacher personality as a whole. Thesis end product is a papers submitted in support of campaigning for an academic grade or professional making showing the author’s research and findings. Writing thesis refers to the procedure of bring forthing and doing a thesis. CHAPTER II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design In this survey the descriptive correlational method is used in finding the relationship of the jobs encountered by the senior nursing pupils in finishing their thesis end product under the new nursing course of study. It is descriptive because it presented the profile and features of the respondents harmonizing to gender. academic categorization and attitude towards doing a thesis. Locale of the Study The survey was conducted at Saint Mary’s University. one of the top acting establishments nationally. The mark populations of the survey are pupils of the School of Health Sciences specifically the 4th twelvemonth pupils under the new nursing course of study or the CHED memoranda Order No. 14 ( CMO 14 ) who are enrolled in Nursing Research 2. The survey was conducted in the said country for easy handiness of respondents. Research Environment The survey made usage of paperss from primary and secondary beginnings of informations. The profile of BSN senior pupils which consist of the gender. academic categorization and attitude towards doing a thesis and their rating to the identified jobs encountered by the senior nursing pupils in finishing their thesis end product under the new nursing course of study were obtained from the questionnaires that were distributed to the respondents. The information gathered were used as footing in finding the jobs encountered senior nursing pupils Saint Mary’s University in finishing a thesis end product under the new nursing course of study which can later aid and steer the pupils and teachers finding ways solve the causes of these jobs. Population and Sample The respondents belong to the population of senior nursing pupils enrolled in the school twelvemonth 2011-2012 who spent their baccalaureate old ages under nursing plan of Saint Mary’s University. To find the Numberss of sample. the research workers coordinated with the office of the University Registrar for requisition of equipped transcript of the list of mark population. The population consists of 211 pupils. by utilizing the Slovin’s expression and following the trying mistake of 5 % ( 0. 05 ) sample size is computed as follows ; Determination of Sample Size Slovin’s Formula n = N/ ( 1 + Ne2 ) n = 211/ ( 1+211?0. 052 ) n= figure of samplesn = 211/ ( 1+ 211?0. 0025 ) N= sum of populationn = 211/ ( 1+ . 5275 ) e= border of mistake n = 211/ 1. 5275n = 138. 13 or 138 Research Instruments. The research workers utilized researcher-developed Questionnaire checklist. Questionnaire were developed by the research workers based on the jobs identified by the Senior Nursing Students during the on the topographic point interview and focus group discussion with them. and some were adopted from a old survey entitled ; Barriers in carry oning nursing research among senior nursing pupils by Felipe. M. et Al. . The finished and developed questionnaire was checked and evaluated by the research advisor. research teacher and research coordinator to guarantee dependability and cogency of the questionnaire. Flying the questionnaire to selected and dependable persons was besides done to guarantee its cogency. The questionnaire has two parts ; the first portion is the respondent’s personal profile such as Gender. Academic categorization. and attitude towards doing a thesis. The 2nd portion is composed of 65 inquiries. 8 inquiries was to measure the attitude of the respondent towards doing a thesis 7 inquiries are based on pupil factors. 9 are on research teacher factors. 7 on research advisor factors. 8 inquiries on course of study factors. 9 inquiries which are based on jobs on forming and 17 inquiries on the jobs on composing thesis. These sets of inquiries addressed the jobs encountered in finishing thesis end product. Table 2. 1 Distribution of points Content Item Number Student factors Attitude towards doing a thesis1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 Student Factors 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15 Research teacher factors 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24 Research Adviser factors 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Curriculum factors32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39 Problems on: Forming a thesis 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48 Writing a thesis49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65 Transcript of the questionnaire was personally distributed and floated by the research workers to the respondents who were chosen using graded random trying at different times. The informations were organized. tabulated. interpreted and presented in their textual or tabular method. Data Gathering Procedure. Prior to the behavior of the survey. the research workers devised a questionnaire to garner qualitative informations that pertains to the jobs encountered by the senior nursing pupils in finishing their thesis end product under the new nursing course of study. The questionnaire was presented and carefully scrutinized by experts composed of research teacher. research advisor and research coordinator for content cogency to derive blessing for its use in the survey. When the cogency and dependability of the questionnaire was established. it was ready for drifting. Therefore permission to drift the questionnaire was asked from the Dean of the School of Health Sciences. With all the information gathered from the Dean of the School of Health Sciences Department sing the entire figure of enrollees of the senior nursing pupils enrolled in nursing research 2 and upon having the positive response. the questionnaire was reproduced harmonizing to the figure of respondents. The questionnaire was validated and distributed to randomly selected respondents. A missive was attached to the questionnaire saying a brief background of the survey. Retrieval of Questionnaires Development of Questionnaire. Floating of Questionnaires Approval and Validation of Questionnaires Permission to Float Questionnaires Reproduction of Questionnaires Figure 2. 2 Flow Chart Treatment of Data and Stat

The Great Depression Influence on the World

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Pick a topic from the link provided in the details section - Essay Example In recent times that unfortunate reality has began to change. The Department of Education along with other government agencies have made curbing violence in schools a priority. More so than ever, schools now have the information and encouragement necessary to make sweeping improvements in this area. Bullies threaten students. The act of bullying threatens the effectiveness of education process. Students cannot learn as well while dealing with both physical and emotional trauma during the school day. Emotional scars due to abuse at school are hidden but can run deep affecting a persons general outlook on life and detrimental patterns of behavior for years following graduation. A 2010 Center for Disease Control study involving middle and high school students revealed more than one-fifth had been teased or otherwise verbally shamed within the past year on school property, most on at least a weekly basis. One in ten students had been lightly assaulted (pushed, spit on) or threatened with physical violence. A national survey asked teachers if they thought bullying to be a moderate or major issue. Nearly half said it was with 40 percent saying they witnessed bullying on a regular basis, at least once a week. ("Bullying/Cyberbulling(a)," 2014) Its sound reasoning to prevent bullying. The relatively minimal effort involved seems very small when comparing the unknown human costs associated with long-term physical and emotional scars of the victim. Prevention programs instituted by schools have shown to drastically reduce the instances of aggressive behavior. Simply talking about the issue is a good first step in prevention. Bring parents and students together to talk about the problem. They can help assess how rampant and serious the problem is at a particular school. In addition, schools must understand the types of bullying as well as other possible contributing factors such as drugs and race relations. When students, parents and school

Sales Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sales Management - Research Paper Example For the past fourteen year I have been a real estate and sears maintenance agreements sales person. I understand the needs of my consumers, thus providing appropriate products that match their desires. Due to the diversified behaviors of my consumers, I have initiated effective marketing strategies that take into account the language and culture of my clients. During my experience as a sales person, I learned that social, cultural as well as emotional forces are vital especially when consumers are buying a particular product. During my working experience in Memphis, I have realized that consumers are not only influenced by their culture and learning but also their perception and attitude. For example, the real estate that depicts modern designs is highly demanded by younger consumers while old clients are indifferent to the design of the property. In this regard, I take into account the implication of the consumer’s perception on their buying patterns. Additionally, the belief possessed by consumers has an effect on the sales of a particular product. For example, there is a strong belief that Memphis real estate is of good quality. In this way, I am focused on expanding my operations to cover a huge area of Memphis. As a real estate as well as sears maintenance agreements sales person for 14 years, I have a vital responsibility of setting up the marketing goals that include determination of the appropriate marketing mix. For instance, during establishment of operations in new markets, I put in place effective promotional strategies to ensure adequate measures to face off my competitors in the real estate industry. In the same way, as a real estate sales person, I have made myself responsible for estimating the sales and marketing potential of my organization. To comply with this principle and succeed in the Memphis real estate market, my marketing strategies involved setting up monthly and annual goals. In this way, I use all the necessary measures to me et my targets. In addition, I make sales forecast that encompasses estimating the products units that I sell on a monthly basis. In my efforts to set organizational goals that are related to distribution, as a marketer, I emulate market potential and estimation of sales. Major factors that I consider during the making of sales estimation and forecasting include economic conditions, stages of business maturity, regulatory environment and market expectations. In order to be successful in the real estate industry as well as in selling of sears maintenance agreements, I have been very keen in undertaking sales planning. This entails making weekly and monthly goals that guide me in my marketing strategies. One of my strategies that I emulate to match with the principle of sales planning includes leading my sales teams in a way that they met the objectives outlined by a sales plan. Some of the major aspects that I consider during the formulation of a sales plan include product types, sale s quotas and customer requirements (Spiro et al., 2008). Even though I am responsible for making the entire sales plan, I encourage other sales people to make their own plans based on my sales plan. In this way, it is possible for individuals to make their own plans that are compatible with my plans and that are not necessarily followed by other team mates. In my

Why does this author deserve his place in literary history Essay

Why does this author deserve his place in literary history - Essay Example his skills in writing as his way of speaking up and expressing his thoughts about the Black American’s family life, the social violence within the society, bias treatment of the white Americans over the African Americans when it comes to educational support, some political issues, and their desire to have equal freedom with the white Americans. In the process of writing, his novels and poets made him able to contribute a significant impact over the lives of many people including the history of the African American collection of cultural literatures. Today, the works of Hughes is widely used in the study of ethnic and cultural diversity. To some extent, Hughes writings enable the readers to understand the cultural discontinuity as well as the social and psychological damaging effects of being a subject of slavery in the past. (Comer, 1989: 213) As a way of proving Hughes’ worth on the history of literature, it is necessary to discuss and examine Hughes’ specific contribution to the African American society. To do so, I will Langston Hughes has written many books and short stories about the lives of the African Americans. Back in 1934, he wrote ‘The Ways of White Folks’ that describes some of the most tragic interactions that have occurred between the white Americans and the Afro-Americans in a humorous way. (Rampersad, 2001: 207; Rampersad, 1986: 277) The story also highlighted a general pessimism regarding racial issues and satirical realism. (Rampersad, 2001: 207) He also wrote a theatrical play entitled ‘Way Down South’ wherein he focused on racial discrimination issues that have been present on the lives of the African Americans for many years. (Rampersad, 1986: 366 – 369) With regards to political issues, Hughes focuses his writings on awakening the promise of Communism within the American society. In line with this matter, he wrote a poem entitled ‘A New Song’ in order to remind the Americans about the importance of a fair treatment

Marxs Theory of Alienation

Marxs Theory of Alienation In my essay I will attempt to demonstrate that while alienation in many respects seems of only limited use as a concept for understanding contemporary working lives, it has been critical in shaping our current understanding and practices of work. I intend to look at the work of Karl Marx among other sociologists to show how the introduction of capitalism into industrial production in particular developed feelings of alienation in peoples working lives. I have chosen to specifically focus on Marx as I find his thoughts and ideas on alienation to be of key importance in our current understanding of labour. I will principally be looking at his Alienation Theory, which was his belief that our labour in society developed different forms of alienation, and how, if at all, this determines our inherent human being. I plan to assess whether theories on alienation at work are still relevant in modern society, and how they have contributed to our current understanding of contemporary working li ves. Work, in its physical features and its linguistic description is socially constructed; there is no permanent or objective thing called workwhat counts as work cannot be severed from the context within which it exists, and that context necessarily changes through space and time (Grint, 1998, 11). Karl Marx believed labour was at the heart of humanity, and that the conditions under which we work can vary. He felt that alienation was a systemic effect of capitalism which exploited workers and created a sense of isolation in peoples working lives. He believed that under a capitalist regime workers unavoidably lose any control they have over their lives by having the control over their labour taken away from them. According to Marxs Alienation Theory, there are four forms of alienation in labour, the first being alienation from the product of work. Marx states that when a worker is producing something for someone other than themselves, especially when they do not even know who they are producing the item for, the product often becomes alien to them. In this situation the worker will not have any emotional connection with the end product they have created. In this way Marx gives the worker a direct connection to the product, which in turn, alters it from being simply an abstract o bject. Furthermore, Marx suggests that the product, which he believes ought to create a positive connection, instead holds a negative disconnection. According to Marx, when a person works for others and not for themselves they can be seen to be working in an alienating situation simply to receive their basic requirements to get by. Marxs second form of alienation is alienation from the activity of work. This alienation occurs as a result of the worker being alienated from the product they create, as this means they must also be alienated from the process they undertook to make it. Marxs aversion to capitalism is linked to this theory which proposes that as humans are working solely for survival, the work is required of them by others and so not natural. In which case the worker will not be working for themselves but instead for others and so will inevitably become estranged from the process of work. The third form of alienation is alienation from species being, meaning people become detached from their personal creativity and in a sense the heart of humanity. Marx maintains that the activity of work requires workers spiritual energy and therefore when a worker is alienated from the practice of work it is impossible for them to give themselves fully to their work hence becoming alienated from their basic human roots. If the process of labour which is in our innate essence becomes alien to us, then we may become alien to ourselves in some way. Marx attempts to convey that work is something that ought to be a natural instinct to humans, not something carried out purely for survival. He refers to humans as active producers which contradicts the idea of people being alienated from their working lives. When a worker is forced to produce something for others and not for themselves they will see labour purely as a means of survival which will become a burden they are forced to monotonou sly repeat and hence may end up becoming alienated from themselves. The fourth and final form of alienation in Marxs Alienation Theory is alienation from others. When a worker is forced to produce a product for someone else they too will become alien to the worker, and so in this way people become alienated from other humans, which can lead to a breakdown in society. This can give rise to a type of hostility as the worker may feel they are required to do work for others with more cultural capital and so a class division can arise. Marx says of this form of alienation, If man is related to the product of his labor, to his objectified labor, as to an alien, hostile, powerful object independent of him, he is so related that another alien, hostile, powerful man independent of him is the lord of this object. If he is unfree in the relation to his own activity, he is related to it as bonded activity, activity under the domination, coercion, and yoke of another man (Marx, 1844, 57). So, how useful is this theory of alienation as a concept for understanding contemporary working lives? Marx likens humans to animals only doing what we must to survive. In an ideal world we would participate in work for the love of it as we believe it is meaningful and valuable. Marx claims that under capitalist industrial production systems in society people become alienated at work as a result of their loss of control. Capitalism creates a system where by the worker gives more power to the capitalist by producing better products. So it can be seen that the more the worker produces the more they must rely on that product. Marx says, Labour, to be sure, produces marvellous things for the rich, but for the labourer it produces privation. It produces palaces for the wealthy, but hovels for the worker. It produces beauty, but cripples the worker. It replaces work by machines, but it throws part of the workforce back to a barbarous kind of work, while turning others into machines. It produces sophistication, but for the workforce it produces feeble-mindedness and idiocy. (Marx, 1844, 30) The relevance of Marxs theory today seems limited. It is easy to see that at the time of Marxs writing a large contributing factor to alienation at work in the 19th century was the revolutionary form of labour named Fordism, which refers to the production methods used by Henry Ford in creating the Ford cars. C20th Marxist Antonio Gramsci often used the example of Fordism in his work on mass production and consumer culture. Ford was heavily influenced by Frederick Taylor who developed scientific management, and aimed to improve labour productivity. The system was created to improve productivity and enable mass production; it was successful in cutting the cost of production but also heavily deskilled labour. It saw a high turnover rate of staff and prompted numerous strikes due to workers resistance to speed control and oppressive forms of work. It took any control away from the workers by making them work to the pace of the assembly line; on top of this workers rarely got to see what they were making as each worker would be in charge of such a small part of the total creation of the product. Workers often complained the labour was solely about profit motive and their power was completely subsumed by the managers who deskilled the workers to gain control and eliminate their power and decision making. Scientific management so called is an attempt to apply the methods of science to the rapidly increasingly complex problems of the control of labour in rapidly growing capitalist enterprises. It lacks the characteristics of a true science because it assumptions reflect nothing more than the outlook of the capitalist with regard to the conditions of production (Braverman 1974, 86). But work today is far broader than mass production in a factory setting. In her article Alienation and New Work Practises Reconstructing a Classical Concept Amanda Damarin argues, Existing concepts of alienation are inadequate for capturing the relationships among workers, tools, and labour processes that exist in new work organizations. Marx assumes that production is industrial (standardized and fixed), that employers own the means of production, that ownership is coextensive with control, and that only relationships between workers and employers are significant in shaping the experience of work. (Damrin, 2005, 2). One need only think about the growth in the service sector or indeed the health care industry to realize that Marxs Theory of Alienation is deficient in fostering our understanding of contemporary working lives. For example, he focuses principally on the labour form of manufacturing, whereas if we were to look at retail Marxs description of the 4 forms of alienation seems less pertinent. In retail there is no product being created in the shop and so less chance of shop assistants to feel alienated from it. Likewise although they may be selling to others it would never be the case that they would sell to themselves so they are less inclined to feel alienated from their fellow man. They can experience contact with the customers but not feel like they work directly for them so in this way I believe there wouldnt be predominant feelings of isolation. But if Marxs theory about the forms of alienation can take seem less relevant to todays working environment; one cannot ignore the fact tha t work can indeed leave people feeling isolated or powerless. Marx views work as central to the human experience. But why does man work? Looking to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, we see employment fulfilling level 2 Safety needs but also, beyond that, our need for Love and Belonging can often be met via work. Even people in the most mundane of jobs often look to their co-workers as valuable providers of community. Marx posits that proper work (that is not under a capitalistic regime) also provides people with a sense of self-worth and achievement. But clearly this is true in current day working lives, even in capitalistic economies. Indeed Durkhiem, contrary to the views of Marx and Engels, gave a positive analysis of the industrial society, with less emphasis on capitalism. He spoke of a more heterogeneous society and a more segregated division of labour where people are more dependent on one another. This interdependence he felt brought people together as you have to go to others to receive the necessary products for daily life. So society was v iewed more as a body that functions together as a whole. It is important to remember that Marxs alienation theory was part of his earliest work and possibly an opening thought into his later more developed work on capitalism as an economic structure within society. If it is true, as I believe, that many of Marxs theories have significantly less relevance since advancements made after the industrial revolution, I believe it is equally true that much of his work on alienation has been crucial in shaping our contemporary understanding and practices of work. For example even in todays factory setting, workers are now often asked for their opinions and suggestions to improve conditions at the work place. And with 360 degree feedback becoming the norm in the Western workplace, workers can comment on their managers performance too which gives them a sense of control over their working conditions and allows their voices to be heard. It is not inconceivable to imagine that the introduction of worker voice was aided by Marxs concerns about alienatio n. In fact a highly successful British retailer, John Lewis Partnership, which I worked at for several months, was founded on the principles of total employee ownership with the thought that this would create a direct link to the success of the business. However these improved environments in work places are witnessed predominantly in Western countries; factories in the developing world can be seen to maintain conditions much more akin to that of the 19th century factories in Europe. If one accepts Marxs premise that work is central to humans as a basic form of self realization then it isnt difficult to understand how the loss of employment can be equally isolating. Although people may feel alienated at work Braverman points out unemployment is even more degrading and isolating. In their study, Your Job No Longer Exists! From Experiences of Alienation to Expectations of Resilience Vickers and Parris suggest We have entered the age of the contingent or temporary worker where we are expected to be pliable and tractable; to fit in (Vickers and Parris, 2007, 114). For example, when a worker is fired from their job, there are often associated feelings of rejection and alienation which can be agonizing. They claimed alienated workers tend to experience similar emotions, including powerlessness and social isolation as well as shock, betrayal, humiliation and shame (Blauner 1964, 101). So as working lives are constantly changing and being altered to suit contemporary society the very concepts that Marx used to portray the evils of capitalism may indeed be helpful in understanding reactions to the loss of that central source of self realization, work. I strongly feel although Marxs original ideas about alienation at work appear overly focussed on 19th century working conditions, particularly in the mass production manufacturing world, the concept is not without merit in understanding how contemporary workers may come to feel a sense of isolation or powerlessness via work. Marx may have taken an overly critical view of capitalism but in doing so he no doubt opened the door for a wider recognition of the importance of worker voice and engendering a sense of belonging or value to individual labour. Braverman has voiced his debt to Marxs work on capitalism and alienation at work, and although he has not contributed much in the way of innovative theories on the topic he can be seen to renew Marxs work in modern society. The Managed Heart demonstrates Hochschilds vigorous application of Marxs alienation theory while condemning the feeling of alienation experienced as a result of the comodification of human emotions. However I have to wo nder whether this comodification of feelings directly results in alienation. Both Bolton and Boyd outwardly reject the idea of emotional labour as contending with wage labour as they believe not all peoples feelings are necessarily comodified during the labour process. They argue that workers have a relatively large amount of emotional choice due to the narrow degree that their emotions can be comodified, and therefore wouldnt experience much alienation at work in the sense Hochschild refers to. Overall I believe in many ways alienation appears to be only of limited use as a concept for understanding contemporary working lives; however through the work of such sociologists as Marx it has been essential in moulding our existing understanding and practices of work. Modern society has a much broader spectrum of work than just mass production in factories but with the work of sociologists such as Gramsci and Braverman who have built on existing ideas of alienation by Marx and others we can continually deepen our knowledge and increase our understanding of contemporary working lives. Word Count: 2,847

Blacks in Victorian England Essay -- Victorian Era

The Othered Victorians Introduction The Victorian period was a time of great hypocrisy. Despite the fact that the Protestant work ethic was gaining popular support amongst the Victorians and myths such as Samuel Smiles' "rags to riches" became part of mainstream Victorian culture, the Victorians were greatly divided into their respective social classes. Works like Thomas Carlyle's "The Irish Widow" and Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "The Cry of the Children" exemplified the blatant disregard of the upper classes to that of the lower class. If the Victorians were divided amongst themselves, imagine what it was like for people of different religions and races. The Blacks of this period was one such race that suffered tremendously throughout the Victorian period. They were referred to as The Othered Victorians. Blacks Victorian Novels In Victorian novels blacks were depicted as wild savages who were incapable of controlling themselves without the supervision of a noble upper class Victorian. Characters such as Miss Swartz (Swartz is a German word meaning black; it is also a popular German-Jewish name) and Samboo (a general and derogatory term used to refer to all blacks) within William Makepeace Thackeray's Vanity Fair were depicted in such a way. For example, on the day of Amelia's departure, Miss Swartz was described as, "[T]he rich wooly-haired mulatto from St. Kitt's†¦she was in such a passion of tears that they were obliged to send for Dr. Floss, and half tipsify her with salvolatile" (Thackeray 206). Origin of Prejudice Where did these prejudices stem from? These prejudices are remnants of the colonial era. Before the Victorian period, the days of Christopher Columbus, there was a fever of exploration and discov... ...the Victorians were more appalled by a marriage across class lines than across racial barriers ("Before" 3). This does not suggest that they were still disgusted by interracial marriages-recall Rebecca, daughter of an opera singer, and Rawdon, son of an aristocrat in Vanity Fair. Works Cited "Before the Black Victorians." 7 November 2004. . "Creole in Black and White." 28 October 2004. . "Exhibiting 'Others' in the West." 28 October 2004. . Giddings, Paula J. The Romance of Two Black Victorian Writers. 18 August 2002. 28 October 2004. Lester, Julius. To Be A Slave. New York: Scholastic Inc., 1968. "Phrenology." 8 November 2004. .

Corporate Strategy Analysis Discussion Essay

The Destination CEO videos offered a great insight into the lives of the people that have to run the huge organizations. It seems as if all of them have been faced with a challenge somewhere within their careers. The following paper will discuss the different corporate strategies: growth, stability, and renewal. It will also discuss how each CEO used the planning function of management which are concentration, vertical integration, and diversification. I agreed with my teammates discussions of the CEOs of the companies. We discussed four CEOs: Neville Isdell, Coca-Cola CEO, Gary Kelly, Southwest Airline CEO, Mackey McDonald, VF Corporation CEO, and Anne Mulcahy, Xerox CEO. The corporate strategy that was used by Neville Isdell is growth and the planning function used is diversification. This is due to the fact that he is seeking to branch out by selling non-carbonated beverages. Such as Coca-Cola Black, a coffee and buying all or part of vitamin water from Glasso. The corporate strategies used by Gary Kelly are growth and stability, and planning function of management is concentration. The reason for this is locking up the hedge fund contracts, and keeping cost down. Continuing to fly the same planes (737) so that parts and maintenance are easy is a great strategy. He also promotes treating customers like kings and queens, and employees even better! The corporate strategy used by Mackey McDonald is growth and the planning function is vertical integration and concentration. This is because of the focus on their lifestyle brands, such as Vans and Reef. They avoid getting involved in the high risk fashion brands & stayed with the commodity brands. Concentrate more on what the consumer would use every day. The corporate strategy used by Anne Mulcahy is renewal and the planning function is concentration. She took over when Xerox was on the brink of bankruptcy. She had to cut cost to be able to make the company successful. She even had to shut down the division that she herself had started (Destination CEO video). Kathleen McWain wrote, â€Å"Neville Isdell or the Indiana Jones of Coke displayed innovation and commitment to employee morale. Isdell handled flat sales growth, low morale and high turnover with  aggressive globalization. Coca-Cola decided to be a total beverage company introducing Dasani water and Fuze tea. Isdell convinced his board that just because Pepsi had branched into other markets successful Coke needed to go more towards global domination than diversification. Cokes sales are no longer sluggish, moral is high and employee turn over is low. I applaud Gary Kelly’s fuel hedge fund and that he is keeping Southwest airlines in the black. His flying in coach to experience what his passenger do gives Mr. Kelly a better insight into how his company runs, which I feel really helps him make tough resource allocation calls. That being said I do not think that Mr. Kelly’s Band-Aid patch of Southwest’s underfunded, profit destroying, pension plan dealt with the problem. (all pension plans paid after the employee retires are profit destroyers) I think it only delayed the fact that either the pension plan needs to be funded or pensioners must have their pensions reduced. As Southwest is not the only underfunded pension plan in the country. I feel Southwest is waiting to see if another company is successful in reducing pension payments to retirees. I also feel that as soon as a company is successful in either dumping or strongly cutting pensioners pay other companies will follow and it will be like domino falling.† As stated in the introduction, my team wrote the same things about the videos. The CEOs of each company made the same impact on us all. They stories of the CEOs and what they went they endured, and in some cases still enduring, is motivational. I personally would have probably given up by now. However, the most motivational one to me is Anne Mulcahy, because she took a company on the brink of bankruptcy and turned Xerox around into a powerhouse. How awesome is that! References Bateman, T. (2011). Management: Leading and Collaborating in a Competitve World(9th ed.). Retrieved from http//: www.ecampus.phoenix.edu. Destination CEO Videos

Female Genital Mutilation Essay

Female Genital Mutilation Essay Female Genital Mutilation Essay The World Health Organization defines Female Genital Mutilation as a practice that involves the alteration of female genitalia in a manner that does not relay any medical benefits to the victim. According to Oleinick (1998), around 87% of Egyptian Islamic women support the practice. The extent of this support is attributable to various factors. These may be cultural, religious or social. The purpose of this study was to find out the current state of FGM as a cultural practice in Egypt. Secondly, the study wanted to probe useful strategies in eliminating FGM. Finally, the study was to highlight the impacts of FGM on the global healthcare system. The research uses a longitudinal approach. Various factors make the Egyptian people susceptible to the practise of FGM. Firstly are the socio-demographic characteristics. These include factors such as age, income, religion, marital status and level of income. Islam considers FGM as ‘makruma’. This implies that it is not a mandatory, but honourable act. According to National Geographic Statistics, the country’s literacy level stands at 58%. There is limited knowledge on the implications of the practice. In Egypt, communities enforce FGM through various actions. For instance, women who do not participate are often ostracised from the community. The fact that it is a societal norm also permits the practice. Eighty-two percent of Egyptian women recommend FGM for their daughters. Various factors in the Egyptian society reinforce this practice. Circumcised women consider themselves ‘clean’. Egyptians credit FGM as a tool for reducing a woman’s libido, alongside other psychosexual effects, in limiting adultery. These factors prompt a majority of women to seek or participate in FGM. Consequently, over 90% of Egyptian women have participated. This is indiscriminate to religious factors. For instance, 78% of Christian women have participated. This prevalence is attributable to various factors. The most important are religion and Egyptian culture. From the study, FGM is more of a cultural practice. The Quran has vague support for the practice. The existence of FGM preceded Islam. There is little correlation between the two phenomena. FGM is non-existent in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq, where religion is highly regarded (Oleinick, 1998). According to the Toubia, Izzett WHO (1998), the practice is a violation of human and gender rights. However, campaigners have made various mistakes in the effort against FGM. To correct this, various strategies need implementation during intervention. For instance, the approach taken should be multi-sectoral. Participants may be from the health or legal communities. Community groups should be able to work hand-in-hand with NGOs. The process of behaviour change is a slow one. To eradicate FGM, the efforts have to be sustainable. The enlisting of support by leaders from various fields is crucial. For instance, religious leaders such as Imams are influential in discrediting the practice. Many people immigrate to Western countries, such as the United Kingdom (UK) to avoid this ill practice. Consequently, the study discovered that immigrants who have undergone FGM experience complications. These may be haemorrhages and other effects. This becomes a problem for the healthcare systems of the resident countries. There are many barriers to the elimination of FGM. Firstly, Egypt is a vast country. The country has many sparsely populated regions, whose inhabitants participate in FGM. Accessing such areas is difficult. Secondly, the country has poor educational standards. Around 60% of participants were ignorant of FGM’s implications. The Egyptian social attitude has been against Western ideals since the 1940s. Therefore, ideas promoted by bodies such as the WHO are often rejected. Finally, Egyptians are afraid of cultural repercussions such as shunning and curses, by failing to participate in FGM (Olenick, 1998). According to Celenko (1996), there is evidence of a Greek papyrus that describes the practice in the Ancient Egyptian context. Egypt is a predominantly Muslim state. Therefore, religion intertwines with culture. It is important to note that Egypt has a paternal culture. Consequently, they carry out FGM as an act of submitting women to men. Secondly, FGM has a close relation to marriage. The study discovered that circumcised women have better prospects of getting married. Religious and political influences are the main barriers towards the complete elimination of FGM. Here, the international community comes to focus. Campaigners should not impose their ideologies on the Egyptians. Instead, they should take a subjective approach. Do you need professionally written custom essays for money? can provide you with professional essay writing help online.

End of the Vietnam War - Fall of Saigon

End of the Vietnam War - Fall of Saigon Previous Page | Vietnam War 101 Working for Peace With the failure of the 1972 Easter Offensive, North Vietnamese leader Le Duc Tho became concerned that his nation could become isolated if President Richard Nixons policy of dà ©tente softened relations between the United States and his allies, the Soviet Union and China.  As such he relaxed the Norths position in the ongoing peace negotiations and stated that the South Vietnamese government could remain in power as the two sides sought a permanent solution.  Responding to this change,  Nixon’s National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, commenced secret talks with Tho in October.  Ã‚   After ten days, these proved successful and a draft peace document was produced.  Angered at having been excluded from the talks, South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu demanded major alterations to the document and spoke out against the proposed peace.  In response, the North Vietnamese published the details of the agreement and stalled the negotiations. Feeling that Hanoi had attempted to embarrass him and to force them back the table, Nixon ordered the bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong in late December 1972 (Operation Linebacker II). On January 15, 1973, after pressuring South Vietnam to accept the peace deal, Nixon announced the end of offensive operations against North Vietnam. Paris Peace Accords The Paris Peace Accords ending the conflict were signed January 27, 1973, and were followed by the withdrawal of the remaining American troops. The terms of the accords called for a complete ceasefire in South Vietnam, allowed North Vietnamese forces to retain the territory they had captured, released US prisoners of war, and called for both sides to find a political solution to the conflict. To achieve a lasting peace, the Saigon government and Vietcong were work towards a lasting settlement that would result in free and democratic elections in South Vietnam.  As an enticement to Thieu, Nixon offered US airpower to enforce the peace terms. Standing Alone, South Vietnam Falls With US forces gone from the country, South Vietnam stood alone. Though the Paris Peace Accords were in place, fighting continued and in January 1974 Thieu publicly stated that the agreement was no longer in effect. The situation worsened the following year with the fall of Richard Nixon due to Watergate and passage of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1974 by Congress which cut off all military aid to Saigon. This act removed the threat of air strikes should North Vietnam break the terms of the accords. Shortly after the act’s passage, North Vietnam began a limited offensive in Phuoc Long Province to test Saigon’s resolve. The province fell quickly and Hanoi pressed the attack. Surprised by the ease of their advance, against largely incompetent ARVN forces, the North Vietnamese stormed through the south, and threatened Saigon.  With the enemy nearing, President Gerald Ford ordered the evacuation of American personnel and embassy staff.  In addition, efforts were made to remove as many friendly South Vietnamese refugees as possible.  These missions were accomplished through Operations Babylift, New Life, and Frequent Wind in the weeks and days before the city fell.  Advancing quickly, North Vietnamese troops finally captured Saigon on April 30, 1975. South Vietnam surrendered the same day. After thirty years of conflict, Ho Chi Minh’s vision of a united, communist Vietnam had been realized. Casualties of the Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, the United States suffered 58,119 killed, 153,303 wounded, and 1,948 missing in action. Casualty figures for the Republic of Vietnam are estimated at 230,000 killed and 1,169,763 wounded. Combined the North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong suffered approximately 1,100,000 killed in action and an unknown number of wounded. It is estimated that between 2 to 4 million Vietnamese civilians were killed during the conflict. Previous Page | Vietnam War 101

Musical Theatre Repertoire Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Musical Theatre Repertoire - Assignment Example The song itself is great for my musical repertoire as it functions within my baritenor range and its expressive qualities are greatly linked to my internal emotional makeup. The song combines somber recognition of the environment with melodramatic and bombastic theatricality. The next song examined is ‘What is it About Her?’ from the musical Wild Party (2000). Andrew Lippa composed this song and musical. Lippa is an American composer and producer who was originally born in Leeds, England. He graduated from the University of Michigan and later moved to New York. In addition to the Wild Party, his writing credits include contributions to You’re a Good Man, Charlie Brown (2000), as well as The Addams Family (2010). Similar to the previous track, ‘What is it About Her?’ functions within my vocal range and matches my artistic impulses. The song is accompanied by minimalist musicality that is punctured by emotional vocals. In these regards, the vocalist assumes the center of attention to a much greater degree than in traditional Broadway compositions, and greatly highlights the lead male. The third song examined is ‘What Do I Need with Love?’. This song was from the musical film Thoroughly Modern Millie (2002) and was composed by Michael Rafter. In addition to this song, Rafter worked on 2005’s Sweet Charity, and 2010’s Everyday Rapture. In addition to functioning within my vocal range, this track explores emotional qualities that juxtapose it with the somber realism of the previous tracks. Instead this song has a degree of melody, as well as a self-reflexive irony. In these regards, it makes a great addition to the repertoire as it demonstrates considerable emotional range and lightheartedness. Still, the heavy reliance on the vocals greatly highlights the male lead. The final song examined is ‘It Only Takes a Moment’ from Hello Dolly (1964). This song was composed by American Broadway writer Jerry

International economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International economics - Assignment Example These fears that caused by the emergence of globalization mainly focused on jobs that might be lost due to the competition from foreign countries. The main threat was on wages and not on jobs as many analyst thought. Trade had little impact on the total number of employment in most of the developed countries. The other thing that trade had minimal effect on was the composition of the level of employment. Given that the labor markets are always flexible, the loss of jobs in one field should be to create other new jobs in another field. Therefore both the relative and the average wages stand a chance of being impacted by trade, this is due to the emergence of economies. For a very long time, real wage has been traced back to the average productive growth. This has however changed in modern times, the real pay of workers in many developed countries has slowly increased than labor productivity. For instance, the real wages that an employee gets in a week in the United States of America has fallen in the middle of income distribution by at least 4% in 2001 alone. During this period, the level of labor productivity has risen by 15%; this is based on real terms. In other economies such as that of Germany and Japan the income distribution is either flat or maybe falling. This has fueled an argument in favor of globalization that is aimed at making the workers to get better wages, it has also improved the security of jobs of the low-skilled workers hence the job loss is reduced. According to the ideas from David Ricardo, he argues that many economies tend to gain from trade through specializing in products that has the capability of comparative advantage. Looking at the economies of many developed countries, there is existence of many skilled workers but that is not the case in countries that are experiencing the emergence of economy since they have low skilled workers. The economist argues that the real wage in the United States of America